It associates with various deciduous and coniferous trees. Native throughout the temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere, Amanita muscaria has been unintentionally introduced to many countries in the southern hemisphere, generally as a symbiont with pine plantations, and is now a true cosmopolitan species. Photograph by JJ Harrison | Follow on FacebookĪmanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric or fly amanita, is a poisonous and psychoactive basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita. Tremella mesenterica produces carbohydrates that are attracting research interest because of their various biological activities. Although considered bland and flavorless, the fungus is edible. This fungus occurs widely in broadleaf and mixed forests and is widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions that include Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America. Within a few days after rain it dries into a thin film or shriveled mass capable of reviving after subsequent rain. It grows in crevices in bark, appearing during rainy weather. The gelatinous, orange-yellow fruit body of the fungus, which can grow up to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) diameter, has a convoluted or lobed surface that is greasy or slimy when damp. It is most frequently found on dead but attached and on recently fallen branches, especially of angiosperms, as a parasite of wood decay fungi in the genus Peniophora. Tremella mesenterica (common names include the yellow brain, the golden jelly fungus, the yellow trembler, and witches’ butter) is a common jelly fungus in the Tremellaceae family of the Agaricomycotina. It is an edible mushroom, and is sold in rural markets in Mexico, Guatemala, and China. The cap is typically between 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 in) broad, and the stem 2 to 8 cm (0.8 to 3 in) tall by 1 to 2.5 cm (0.4 to 1.0 in) thick. The milk, or latex, that oozes when the mushroom tissue is cut or broken-a feature common to all members of the Lactarius genus-is also indigo blue, but slowly turns green upon exposure to air. The fruit body color ranges from dark blue in fresh specimens to pale blue-gray in older ones. indigo grows on the ground in both deciduous and coniferous forests, where it forms mycorrhizal associations with a broad range of trees. A widely distributed species, it grows naturally in eastern North America, East Asia, and Central America it has also been reported from southern France. Lactarius indigo, commonly known as the indigo milk cap, the indigo (or blue) Lactarius, or the blue milk mushroom, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. Photograph by Dan Molter Mushroom Observer If you any suggestions for other interesting looking fungi, please let me know in the comments below! Below you will find a collection of some of the most fascinating looking fungi I came across in my search. Little is known of the true biodiversity of Kingdom Fungi, which has been estimated at 1.5 million to 5 million species, with about 5% of these having been formally classified. rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g. Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. The fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic compounds and are consumed recreationally or in traditional spiritual ceremonies. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, that are toxic to animals including humans. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. They have long been used as a direct source of food, such as mushrooms and truffles, as a leavening agent for bread, and in fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Ībundant worldwide, Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange. Genetic studies have shown that fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants. Mycology has often been regarded as a branch of botany, even though it is a separate kingdom in biological taxonomy. The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, Fungi, which is separate from plants, animals, and bacteria. A fungus is a member of a large group of organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and moulds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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